The diverse behavior of cells is governed by complex networks of signaling molecules that send and receive signals between cells, and integrate their biochemical consequences within the cell cytoplasm and nucleus. Department faculty are investigating signaling mechanisms that orchestrate such processes as cell growth and division, tissue patterning, synaptic transmission of nerve impulses, and various forms of sensory perception. Defects in such signals underlie a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, bone defects, and macular degeneration.